Final Test

1. Answer the questions:

1) What is land? Why do people need it?

2) How can people raise awareness about the value of land as a resource for

crucial ecosystem services?

2. Read the text, complete it with the following vocabulary:

communities, facilities, drinking, limited, tremendous, health, filter, quality,

encouraging, conserving, protect, society

Our air and water are ___1____ resources. The tree canopy and vegetation serve as crucial filters for our air. Wetlands that border our rivers, lakes and streams___2___ pollution before it reaches our ___3___ water. If we do not remove the pollutants that our ___4___ puts into the air and water, we consume them ourselves. In many ___5___ it is not uncommon for air ___6___ alerts to close schools and businesses. Nearly half of the river miles in America are too polluted to provide safe drinking water. Both planning land use and solutions made in construction play an important role for the wellbeing of local residents. An effective land use planning makes construction more sustainable.

Conserving land in local communities helps ___7___ these important resources. In addition to ___8____ and food benefits, ___9____ land increases property values near greenbelts, saves tax dollars by ___10____ more efficient development, and reduces the need for expensive water filtration ___11___. Study after study has demonstrated the ____12____ economic benefits of land conservation. Recent studies indicate that for every $1 invested in conservation easements, an annual return of $6 or more is generated for the community.

3. Read and put the following paragraphs into the correct order:

The Individual and Society

A. The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable of providing for them­ selves, directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the opposite situation – a high level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend upon the efforts and cooperation of many thousands of specialist workers, among them land use planners.

B. Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside assistance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives in very small selfsufficient peasant communities. These people experience great poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own survival. They have a degree of economic independence.

C. Land use planning is concerned with land cadastre, land relations, land improvement, agriculture, soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography, computer science, etc. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only qualified but profoundly educated specialists.

D. Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. Such information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land use. Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an aspect of survival. Land helps people to survive. That's why lands are very important resources for men.

E. It is obvious that any textbook on land use planning begins by posing the question, "What is land use planning about?" It is not a difficult problem to give a simple answer to this basic question. Land use planning or land surveying is a process of managing the use and development of land resources in a sustainable way. It is essentially a study of the methods in which land use planners apply their knowledge, skills and efforts to the gifts of nature in order to satisfy their needs and wants.

4. Using the following vocabulary, compose the sentences:

Land use, land use planning, land surveying, a land surveyor, profoundly educated, land information, advanced countries, to sustain life, to pose a question, opposite situation, a simple answer, individual basis, an aspect of survival, land ownership, land tenure.

5. Find a pair of synonyms:

Skill, trucks, land use planning, make, a land surveyor, community, compel, society, automobiles, a land use planner, land surveying, level, knowledge, standard.

6. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the Ukrainian ones:

Глибоко освічений спеціаліст, великій відсоток, ставити питання, регулювати землевпорядкування, проста відповідь, вирішувати проблему, інформація про землю, допомога ззовні, складне питання, економічна незалежність, підтримувати життя, засоби виживання, протилежна ситуація, для задоволення потреб.

7. Translate the sentences into English:

1.Землевпорядкування – давня наука, що спрямована на раціональне використання обмежених земельних ресурсів.

2.Інформація про землю складається із даних про землеволодіння, землекористування, та потенціалу земельних ресурсів.

3. Ефективний землеустрій не можливий без інформації про землю, її кількість та якість.

4. Люди використовують свої знання та навички для задоволення своїх потреб.

5. Навіть в країнах з розвиненою економікою постає питання про виживання.

6. Землевпорядник може правильно відповісти на питання про земельний устрій.

8. Fill in the prepositions:

1. Land use planning is a process ... managing the use and development ... land resources ... a sustainable way. 2. Land helps people ...survive. 3. Many textbooks begin ... posing the basic question. 4. It is not a difficult problem ... give a right answer ... the main question. 5. ... order ...satisfy men's needs and wants people apply their knowledge ... the gifts ... nature.