Get general information of the text and answer the question

Lesson 7

Surveying

 1.     Words to master:

three-dimensional - тривимірний

establish - засновувати

boundary - кордон

observation - спостереження

measurement - вимір

property - власність

essential - важливий

execution–виконання

 2.    Make up four sentences using the words from the word list above.

 3.     Read and translate the text: 

Surveying

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes. 

Land surveying is the detailed study by gathering information through observations, measurements in the field, questionnaires, or research of legal instruments, and data analysis in the support of planning, designing, and establishing of property boundaries.

Surveying has been an essential element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history (about 5,000 years ago). It is required in the planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. Its most familiar modern uses are in the fields of transport, building and construction, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership.

 4.     Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions:

a)     three-dimensional position

b)     surface of the Earth

c)     establish land maps

d)     governmental purposes

e)     elementsof mathematics

f)       gathering information

g)     measurements in the field

h)     data analysis

i)       essential element

j)       human environment

k)     legal boundaries

l)       land ownership

 5.     Complete the sentences:

a)     Surveying or land surveying is……….

b)     Land surveying is the detailed study by……………

c)     Surveying has been an essential element in…………….

d)     Its most familiar modern uses are…………..

e)     Surveyors use elements of…………………..

 6.     Answer the questions:

a)     What is surveying?

b)     What elements does survaying use?

c)     What is land survaying?

d)     How important has survaying always been?

e)     What are the commom morden uses of survaying?